Understanding Wills in Islam

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The Will and Its Rulings in Islam

On the authority of Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them both), the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) said: "It is not befitting for a Muslim who has something to will to spend two nights without having his will written and kept with him." (Agreed upon) [1].

On the authority of Sa'd ibn Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: "I said, O Messenger of Allah, I have wealth and only one daughter to inherit from me; may I give two-thirds of my wealth in charity? He said: No. I said: Half? He said: No. I said: One-third? He said: One-third, and one-third is much. Indeed, leaving your heirs wealthy is better than leaving them dependent, asking others." (Agreed upon) [2].

On the authority of Abu Umamah al-Bahili (may Allah be pleased with him), he said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings be upon him) say: Indeed, Allah has given each rightful person their due right, so there is no bequest for an heir." Narrated by Abu Dawood and al-Tirmidhi [3].

On the authority of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her), that a man came to the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and said: "O Messenger of Allah, my mother died suddenly without making a will, and I think that if she could speak, she would have given charity. Will she have a reward if I give charity on her behalf? He said: Yes." (Agreed upon) [4].

Explanation: A person may have obligations towards others and does not know when death will come unexpectedly; therefore, the Messenger (peace and blessings be upon him) ordered the writing of the will and set guidelines that a Muslim should be aware of.

Benefits:

The command to write a will for those who have something to bequeath and not to neglect this matter.